The so-called emergency logistics, refers to the pursuit of time to maximize efficiency, disaster losses and the goal of minimizing the adverse effects of the integration of modern information procurement and management techniques through various functional activities of transportation, storage, distribution, distribution, etc., various types of projections planned public events required to send emergency supplies from origin to destination implement high efficiency, organization, implementation and control process. Emergency Logistics System, is surrounded by emergency logistics objectives, special logistics system by the relevant personnel, technical equipment, emergency supplies, information management, software and hardware infrastructure, as well as related subjects laws, regulations, policies and other factors constituted.
In response to all kinds of major public emergency practice, China already has a certain ability to protect emergency supplies, but in most cases, the first time protection of emergency supplies in general but also difficult to achieve. The reason is mainly the construction of emergency logistics system is seriously lagging behind.
The main problems existing in domestic emergency logistics system
The degree of improvement and developed emergency logistics system, and decisions directly affect the ability to protect emergency supplies. Domestic construction of emergency logistics system is seriously lagging behind its problems highlighted as follows:
First, the infrastructure is lagging behind. The backbone of the transport channel capacity is insufficient, the railway network structure is weak, the lack of regional airports in the number of civil aviation, road accessibility degree of convergence of the apparent lack of low grade and other inland waterways. Eastern, central and western zones of transport facilities in turn weakened, some regional transport network sparse. In addition, emergency logistics information network is not perfect, not timely transmission of information, lack of information dissemination and sharing platform.
Second, organizational mechanism is not perfect. Organization and coordination of emergency logistics are mostly temporary staff from various units deployed, all kinds of emergency supplies procurement, transportation, storage, transfer, distribution, recovery and other functions scattered in different sectors, regions and enterprises, has not yet formed between the central authorities, central and linkage between organizational mechanisms between local and central, local and related businesses. Emergency logistics organization more of a temporary nature, the lack of effective coordination between each other, communication and integration, the lack of systematic and predictable, organizational efficiency is not high.
Third, the development of a serious shortage of emergency logistics enterprises. Emergency logistics company specialized emergency logistics system is an important market for the implementation of the body, while domestic enterprises specializing in emergency logistics (eg emergency logistics base, emergency logistics centers, emergency distribution centers, third-party logistics enterprises emergency, etc.) is still quite lacking.
Fourth, emergency supplies reserve system is unreasonable. First relief reserve center irrational. From the perspective of the rationalization of logistics, disaster relief reserve center as close as possible in the affected areas, in order to respond quickly to the disaster. Second, the relief materials reserve dispersed in various departments, higher material support costs. Third, the imbalance between supply and demand relief supplies. Our basic part of emergency relief supplies donated donation, while social contributions are prone to the type of material, supply and demand imbalance in time and the initial rescue prone to a lack of emergency supplies and materials late extraordinary saturation, resulting in excessive supply, waste and serious problem.
Fifth, the laws, regulations and policy system construction is lagging behind. China has not yet formed a complete emergency logistics laws, regulations and policies, legislative gaps many. Some of the existing rules and regulations, usually in the "trial", "temporary", "views", "notice", etc. exist, legislative level is low, authoritative enough. Some guiding policy principles lack operability.
Accelerate the construction of emergency logistics system policy recommendations
First, improve the three-dimensional network transport system.
Focusing on investment and construction transportation weaknesses, build a network of transportation lines. Transportation between the line and the line to be vertical in the end, transverse to the edge, both direct line, there are circuitous route, to ensure a full-time emergency transport routes open. When creating road, rail, air, sea multidimensional transport network to ensure a way to interrupt other ways to replenish.
Second, the importance of emergency logistics information system.
First, we must strengthen the construction of emergency logistics information platform. This is because the source of emergency supplies a wide range of society as a whole, involving multi-level, multi-link activity, common to all types of information must rely on emergency logistics information platform delivery; advanced two ways to make emergency logistics information transfer, and stability. *** Just because of emergency supplies, you must ensure that emergency logistics information transmission means more advanced, stability and anti-jamming capability and more the norm than the transmission of information under.
Third, build emergency logistics organization headquarters.
Recommendations based on our government agencies to set up and operation of the process of logistics, the integration of the national agencies, the military, local, and establishment of a permanent professional emergency logistics command system. Specializing in the supply of emergency supplies and support, coordination and implementation of emergency logistics operation. Establishment and operation of emergency logistics command system must be led by a strong public authorities, namely the implementation of leadership and organization by the government.
Fourth, to enhance the operational capabilities of emergency logistics.
Should be based on scientific evidence, in the establishment of an appropriate number of emergency logistics center, forming an efficient emergency logistics and distribution systems. Given the emergency logistics center and distribution center with considerable specificity, a large number of specialized construction costs would take up too much, so in principle, except for some areas according to need to create some professional emergency logistics centers or distribution centers, the majority of the region can take advantage of community resources market-oriented approach and the conditions of the domestic large-scale professional logistics companies signed an agreement to clarify its start in case of an emergency contingency logistics operations; the same time to explore the "military logistics integration" emergency logistics model, the military logistics resources effectively integration, in order to achieve a high degree of military logistics compatible part unity, mutual integration and coordinated development. In addition, the government should encourage emergency logistics socialization and industrialization.
Fifth, strengthen emergency supplies reserve system.
First, strengthen emergency stockpiles, reasonable arrangements for material reserves layout, size and structure; the second is to play the market mechanism to protect emergency supplies reserves. Relief in disaster relief should first investigate the local market, negotiated in advance the price of supplies; three is to do an emergency reserve of human resources, training, some can use and operation of emergency equipment and facilities staff; fourth is to strengthen emergency funds reserves, the central and provincial, and municipal local finance in the annual budget, the contingency reserve funds should be established to determine the size of the contingency reserve fund; five is to learn from foreign experience, specialization and socialization to achieve the combination of emergency supplies reserves into the national local, military, enterprises and institutions and even families integrated reserve system.
Sixth, the strong integration of emergency logistics resources.
Government departments should use the system concept, conscious of the emergency logistics resources or logistics functions for planning, configuration, regroup and trade-offs of decentralized logistics resource utilization, the relevant functional coordination and integration, logistics management and operational implementation restructuring and optimization, improve organizational capacity and service levels, to achieve emergency supplies of transportation, warehousing, packaging, handling, distribution processing, distribution and logistics information, and other functions integrated or coordinated aspects of effective and rational distribution of emergency logistics centers, enhance organizational capacity and service levels, improve emergency logistics efficiency.
Seventh, improve emergency logistics laws, regulations and policies.
One is to improve the procurement of emergency supplies, reserves, transport, organization and other aspects of the establishment and functions of the laws and regulations. Right and Interest in the law expressly emergency logistics operation of all stakeholders body; the second is to improve all aspects of emergency logistics standards, emergency logistics business development, emergency logistics socialization and emergency logistics technology and equipment innovation and other policy measures; the third is as soon as possible reasonable contingency logistics compensation policy.